Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are high-energy particles released during solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The most likely predictions or impacts of SEPs include:
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Geomagnetic Storms: SEPs can interact with the Earth's magnetic field, leading to geomagnetic storms. These storms can disrupt satellite operations and GPS systems, as well as power grids on Earth.
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Radiation Exposure for Astronauts: Astronauts in space, especially those outside of the Earth's magnetic field (e.g., on the International Space Station or during deep space missions), can be at risk for increased radiation exposure from SEPs. This can have implications for their health and safety during missions.
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Communication Disruptions: High-energy particles can interfere with radio communications and satellite signals, leading to temporary blackouts or degradation in service.
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Impact on Aviation: High-altitude flights, especially near the poles, can be affected by increased radiation from SEPs, which may necessitate flight path adjustments to minimize exposure.
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Effects on Technology: SEPs can damage spacecraft electronics and systems, potentially leading to malfunctions or failures.
While these impacts are known, the specific likelihood and severity depend on the intensity of the solar event and the state of the Earth's magnetic field at the time.
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