The Tenth Amendment does not grant powers to the federal government; rather, it states that powers not delegated to the federal government by the Constitution, nor prohibited to the States, are reserved to the States or to the people. Therefore, the correct interpretation in this context would be:
- All the powers not explicitly limited by the Constitution (implying these powers are reserved for the states or the people).
However, if framed strictly as a choice about what the Tenth Amendment does concerning the federal government, it would also imply that the federal government possesses only the powers explicitly granted by the Constitution. Thus, the most accurate presentation is:
- Only the powers explicitly granted by the Constitution.
For clarity within the context of the Tenth Amendment, it primarily indicates limitations on federal power, emphasizing state rights by reserving other powers to the states or the people.