To order the events chronologically from earliest to latest, we need to understand the sequence of events in the evolution of life and the atmosphere:
- Single-celled organisms increase atmospheric methane concentrations. (These organisms were among the earliest forms of life.)
- Photosynthesizing bacteria release oxygen into the sea. (These bacteria appeared after single-celled organisms and started producing oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis.)
- Oxygen concentrations increase in the atmosphere. (As photosynthesizing organisms became more prominent, oxygen began to accumulate in the atmosphere, known as the Great Oxidation Event.)
- Many new animal species evolve. (The increase in atmospheric oxygen allowed for more complex life forms, including many new animal species, to evolve.)
Thus, the correct chronological order of the events is:
Single-celled organisms increase atmospheric methane concentrations. Photosynthesizing bacteria release oxygen into the sea. Oxygen concentrations increase in the atmosphere. Many new animal species evolve.
This matches the second response option you provided.