The microscopic property that helps determine whether or not two substances will dissolve with each other is polarity.
Polarity affects how molecules interact with each other; polar substances tend to dissolve well in polar solvents, while nonpolar substances dissolve well in nonpolar solvents (the principle "like dissolves like"). Molecular mass, state of matter, and volume do not directly determine solubility in the same way that polarity does.
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