The number system that uses the most unique characters among the options given is hexadecimal.
- Binary uses 2 unique characters: 0 and 1.
- Decimal uses 10 unique characters: 0 through 9.
- Hexadecimal uses 16 unique characters: 0 through 9 and A through F (where A represents 10, B represents 11, C represents 12, D represents 13, E represents 14, and F represents 15).
So, the correct answer is hexadecimal.