The two items that provide evidence supporting the Big Bang theory are:
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composition of matter in the universe - The relative abundance of elements, such as hydrogen and helium, in the universe aligns with predictions made by Big Bang nucleosynthesis.
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cosmic background radiation - The existence of the cosmic microwave background radiation is a key piece of evidence for the Big Bang theory, as it represents the afterglow of the hot, dense state of the early universe.
The other options (sizes and shapes of distant galaxies, rate of star formation) do not directly support the foundational concepts of the Big Bang theory as strongly as the first two.
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