Out of the options provided, "glacial retreat" is a disturbance that would trigger primary succession. Primary succession occurs in lifeless areas where soil has not yet formed, such as areas exposed by retreating glaciers. The other options, while they can lead to ecological changes, typically involve existing soil and are more often associated with secondary succession.
Which of these is a disturbance that would trigger primary succession? (1 point)
road construction
wildfire
Gracial retreat
livestock grazing
1 answer