Which of these descriptions of the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis explains Mendel’s law of segregation?

Question

The arrangement of each pair of homologous chromosomes on the metaphase plate during metaphase I is random with respect to the arrangements of other pairs.
Sister chromatids separate during anaphase II.
The two alleles for each gene separate as homologous chromosomes move apart during anaphase I.

Answer 1

The description that best explains Mendel's law of segregation is:

The two alleles for each gene separate as homologous chromosomes move apart during anaphase I.

Mendel's law of segregation states that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for each gene segregate (separate) from each other, ensuring that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene. This process occurs during anaphase I of meiosis, when homologous chromosomes are pulled apart, resulting in the separation of the alleles they carry.