The events leading up to the United States' involvement in World War I can be best described as a combination of growing political tensions, economic interests, and significant incidents that shifted public opinion. Key points include:
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Initial Neutrality: When World War I began in 1914, the U.S. sought to remain neutral, reflecting the isolationist sentiment of the time.
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Economic Ties: The U.S. had strong economic ties with the Allied Powers, particularly Britain and France, through trade and loans. American industries benefited from supplying war materials.
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Unrestricted Submarine Warfare: Germany's policy of unrestricted submarine warfare, which involved sinking any ship (including civilian ones) in the waters around Britain, angered Americans and led to the sinking of ships like the Lusitania in 1915, killing American passengers.
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Zimmermann Telegram: In early 1917, British intelligence intercepted a secret communication from Germany to Mexico proposing a military alliance against the U.S. This revelation stirred public outrage and further pushed the U.S. toward war.
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Russian Revolution: The fall of the Tsarist regime in Russia in 1917 made it politically easier for the U.S. to join the Allies, as it aligned more closely with democratic nations.
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Declaration of War: These events culminated in President Woodrow Wilson asking Congress for a declaration of war against Germany on April 2, 1917, framing it as a fight to make the world "safe for democracy."
Together, these factors contributed to the U.S.'s eventual decision to enter World War I in April 1917.