The Great Compromise, also known as the Connecticut Compromise, established the structure of the legislative branch of the United States government, resulting in a bicameral Congress. Therefore, the correct answer is the bicameral congress.
The other options you listed were not created by the Great Compromise. The Articles of Confederation were established prior to the compromise, the location of the capital was determined later, and the Seventeenth Amendment was ratified much later to allow for the direct election of senators.
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