Which of the following was an effect of the Crusades?

Answer 1

There were several effects of the Crusades, but one major effect was the increased contact and exchange between the Eastern and Western worlds. This led to a transfer of knowledge, ideas, and goods between Europe and the Middle East, catalyzing the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. Additionally, the Crusades contributed to the breakdown of feudalism and the rise of centralized nation-states, as many nobles and knights left their estates and pledged their allegiance to their kings in order to participate in the Crusades. The Crusades also incited religious intolerance and hostility, leading to increased persecution of Jews and Muslims in Europe.