To determine the continuity between Louis XVI's reign and Napoleon's, let’s consider each option:
a) Nationalistic feelings: Both Louis XVI and Napoleon had to contend with nationalistic sentiments, but they expressed this nationalism in different ways. While Louis XVI's reign was marked by the rise of revolutionary ideas that fueled nationalism, Napoleon's era is more closely associated with the expansion of French nationalism during his conquests. This option reflects a change rather than a continuity.
b) Peace and financial stability: Louis XVI’s reign is characterized by financial crises and political instability, leading to the French Revolution, while Napoleon's rule initially brought a measure of stability and consolidation. This marks a significant shift rather than a continuity.
c) The use of a ruling class based on titles and granting of land for support: Louis XVI’s France was characterized by a noble class with titles and privileges, while Napoleon established a new order but still relied on a form of nobility (the Napoleonic nobility) based on merit and service to the regime, rather than hereditary privilege alone. This indicates a continuity of supporting the regime through a ruling class, albeit in a reformed manner.
d) The rulers' desire for a constitution: Louis XVI's reign involved significant conflict over constitutional governance, especially during the Revolution. Napoleon, while having established several reforms, ultimately ruled as an emperor without a strong emphasis on constitutional governance. This is more of a shift in governance.
Given this analysis, the best answer identifying continuity between Louis XVI's reign and Napoleon's is:
c) the use of a ruling class based on titles and granting of land for support.
2 answers