The large-scale growth of coral reefs millions of years ago was primarily triggered by the relationship between coral and zooxanthellae (particularly dinoflagellates that live symbiotically within coral tissues). This relationship allows corals to perform photosynthesis, providing them with energy and enabling them to build extensive reef structures.
While the evolution of new species of fish may have been influenced by coral reefs, it was not the initial trigger for their growth. Tsunamis, while capable of affecting marine environments, are not a driving force behind coral growth. Lastly, the extinction of some species of algae may have impacted ecosystems, but it is not directly responsible for the large-scale growth of coral reefs.
If your options contain "the relationship between coral and zooxanthellae," that would be the most relevant choice for coral reef formation.
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