Oxygen enters the lungs primarily through the process of inhalation (or inspiration), which is part of the respiratory cycle. When you inhale, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, expanding the thoracic cavity and creating a negative pressure relative to the outside atmosphere. This negative pressure causes air to flow into the lungs through the trachea and bronchi. Within the lungs, oxygen passes through the alveolar walls into the blood in the capillaries through a process called diffusion, allowing oxygen to be transported to the body's tissues.
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