A civil war erupts (Option A) would most likely result in a decrease of a country’s total fertility rate. Civil wars often lead to instability, displacement, uncertainty, and a reduction in overall social services, including healthcare and family planning resources. This can create an environment where people may choose to have fewer children due to the risks and challenges associated with living in such conditions.
The other options, such as a recession ending (B), health care improvements (C), and increased job opportunities for men (D), generally tend to encourage higher fertility rates or at least stabilize them, as they may lead to improved living conditions and financial stability.