Newton's universal theory of gravitation states that every point mass attracts every other point mass in the universe with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. This can be mathematically expressed with the formula:
\[ F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2} \]
Where:
- \( F \) is the gravitational force between the two masses,
- \( G \) is the gravitational constant,
- \( m_1 \) and \( m_2 \) are the masses of the two objects,
- \( r \) is the distance between the centers of the two masses.
This theory implies that gravity is a universal force acting between all masses, and it also explains the motion of celestial bodies and objects on Earth, laying the groundwork for classical mechanics and our understanding of gravitational interactions.