All of the following factors may affect a passenger's safety during a collision:
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The acceleration of the passenger's vehicle during the collision - This influences the change in velocity and the forces experienced by the passenger.
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The mass of the automobile in which the passenger rides - Heavier vehicles generally provide better protection during a collision due to their ability to absorb impact energy.
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The velocity of the passenger's vehicle - Higher speeds lead to greater impact forces during a collision, increasing the risk of injury.
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The mass of the automobile that collides with the passenger's vehicle - The mass of the other vehicle affects the dynamics of the collision and the forces involved.
Therefore, all options apply in affecting a passenger's safety during a collision.