All of the following factors may affect a passenger’s safety during a collision:
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The mass of the automobile in which the passenger rides - A heavier vehicle generally provides more protection, as it may absorb or distribute crash forces better.
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The mass of the automobile that collides with the passenger’s vehicle - A heavier colliding vehicle can exert greater forces during a collision, influencing the severity of the impact on the passenger's vehicle.
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The acceleration of the passenger’s vehicle during the collision - Rapid deceleration or acceleration can significantly impact the forces experienced by a passenger.
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The velocity of the passenger’s vehicle - Higher speeds generally result in more severe collisions, leading to greater forces on the passengers.
Therefore, all options listed affect a passenger's safety during a collision.