The most accurate response regarding the primary economic impact of imperialism on Africa and Latin America is:
• The Congo Free State in Africa was impacted by exploitation by Belgium.
• Cuba in Latin America was impacted by debt incurred in an effort to mechanize sugar production.
This statement correctly highlights the significant exploitation faced by the Congo Free State under Belgian rule, where resources and labor were heavily exploited, as well as Cuba's economic struggles resulting from debt incurred to modernize its sugar industry, which was a key sector for the island's economy.