The correct statement about the diameter of a sphere from the options provided is:
The diameter of a sphere passes through the center of the circle.
Let's briefly evaluate the other statements:
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The diameter is 2.5 times the length of the radius. - This is incorrect. The diameter is actually 2 times the length of the radius (Diameter = 2 × Radius).
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The diameter is not a chord. - This is incorrect. The diameter is actually a special type of chord; it is the longest chord that passes through the center of the sphere (or circle).
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The diameter is the shortest length on a sphere. - This is incorrect. The diameter is the longest straight line that can be drawn from one point on the sphere to another, passing through the center.
Therefore, the statement that the diameter of a sphere passes through the center is the only true statement among the options provided.