Which of the following is NOT one of the formal ethics guidelines of the American Psychological Association (APA) regarding deception in research?

Question

a. The study contributes important knowledge and could not be conducted otherwise.
b. The study does not cause physical pain or emotional distress.
c. The researchers explain the deception and the need for it.
d. All of the listed choices are current APA standards for deception in research.

Answer 1

b. The study does not cause physical pain or emotional distress.