The correct answer is STP (Spanning Tree Protocol).
STP is a layer 2 protocol that is used to prevent loops in a network by creating a spanning tree that defines a loop-free topology. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) and RIP (Routing Information Protocol) are layer 3 routing protocols, and VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) is used for managing VLANs but does not maintain a loop-free network by itself.