The atrocities committed by the Soviet Union that specifically targeted Ukrainians include:
- Holodomor: This refers to the man-made famine in Ukraine from 1932 to 1933, which resulted in the deaths of millions of Ukrainians due to starvation. It is widely recognized as a genocide against the Ukrainian people.
While the term "Red Terror" refers to the broader campaign of political repression, terror, and violence by the Bolsheviks in the early years of the Soviet regime, it is not exclusively linked to atrocities against Ukrainians.
Kulaks were a class of relatively affluent farmers in the Soviet Union, and they faced persecution during collectivization, but this was not limited to Ukrainians.
Attacks on Cossacks refer to violence against Cossack communities, which can include some Ukrainians but are not specifically aimed at the broader Ukrainian population.
Thus, the best identification of an atrocity targeting Ukrainians from the options given is Holodomor.