Among the groups listed, African Americans gained significant political participation due to amendments added to the Constitution, particularly the 15th Amendment, which prohibited denying the right to vote based on race. Additionally, the 24th Amendment and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 further strengthened voting rights for African Americans.
Other groups, such as Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, and Native Americans, also gained political rights over time, but the amendments specifically targeting voting rights primarily impacted African Americans.