The first example, "number of tests passed," represents a discrete data constraint. This is because the number of tests passed can only take on certain distinct values (such as 0, 1, 2, and so on), and it cannot take fractional values.
The other options involve continuous data or non-discrete measures, such as "average score," "distance," and "average weight," which may not adhere to the discrete nature.
Therefore, the viable solution representing a discrete data constraint is:
- number of tests passed