The example that represents a discrete data constraint with viable solutions is:
A) number of tests passed.
This is because the number of tests passed is a countable quantity (it can only take on whole number values: 0, 1, 2, etc.), making it discrete data. The other options (B, C, and D) involve continuous data, as they can take on a range of values (such as fractions, decimals, etc.) rather than distinct, countable numbers.