In an argumentative essay, the following elements should be included:
- Introduction with a clear thesis statement
- A counterargument section addressing opposing viewpoints
- A conclusion that restates the thesis and summarizes key points
- Body paragraphs that present evidence and support for the argument
The other options—"A list of random facts related to the topic" and "A personal opinion section without evidence or research"—are not essential elements of an argumentative essay. The focus should be on relevant evidence and well-supported arguments rather than random facts or personal opinions lacking evidence.