which of the following elements does not form bonds easily because it has a full outer shell?

a. Aluminum
b. Carbon
c. Helium
d. Calcium

2 answers

Those elements in group 0, VIII, or 18 (depending upon the system you are using), hae a filled outside shell (or at least is considered full at the time with eight electrons). Group 0, VIII, or 18 column is the right most column in the periodic table.
calcium