Catherine the Great, who ruled from 1762 to 1796, implemented several strategies and policies to expand the Russian Empire. Some key measures she took included:
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Military Campaigns: She led military efforts against the Ottoman Empire and in the Russo-Swedish War, resulting in significant territorial gains for Russia in the Black Sea region and the Baltic territories.
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Partitions of Poland: Catherine played a crucial role in the partitions of Poland (1772, 1793, and 1795), which resulted in large portions of Polish territory being annexed by Russia, expanding its borders significantly to the west.
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Encouragement of Settlement: She promoted the settlement of Russian citizens in newly acquired territories, aiming to solidify control over these areas and integrate them into the empire.
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Infrastructure Development: Catherine invested in the building of roads, ports, and cities in newly acquired regions to facilitate administration and economic development.
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Reforms in Government: She restructured local governance in newly acquired territories to ensure loyal administration, often implementing Russian laws and governance structures.
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Cultural Policies: Catherine promoted the Russian language and culture in annexed areas to reinforce ties to the empire.
Catherine the Great's reign was marked by a significant expansion of Russian influence and territory, laying the groundwork for Russia to become one of the major powers in Europe.
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