In his rise to power, Julius Caesar accomplished several significant reforms and initiatives. Among the options provided, the most notable achievements include:
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He created public works programs and jobs for the unemployed: This is true. Caesar implemented various public works projects that provided employment, which was crucial in addressing the high levels of unemployment in Rome.
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He changed the republic into a monarchy: While he did not formally change the Roman Republic into a monarchy, his accumulation of power and appointment as dictator perpetuo (dictator for life) in 44 BCE paved the way for the end of the Republic and the eventual establishment of the Roman Empire under Augustus.
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He created a civil service to enforce laws: This is also an accurate statement. Caesar reformed the administrative structure of Rome, which included establishing a more organized civil service to manage various aspects of governance.
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He gave public lands to the wealthy: This statement is generally not true. Caesar was known for land reforms that aimed to distribute land to veterans and the poor, rather than favoring the wealthy.
Given this analysis, the most accurate accomplishments attributed to Caesar in the context of his rise to power are:
- He created public works programs and jobs for the unemployed.
- He created a civil service to enforce laws.
While he did not exactly transform the Republic into a monarchy, his actions set the stage for the emergence of imperial rule.