The largest trade partners of the kingdom of Ghana were primarily North African nations and Arab nations from the Middle East, as they were involved in the trans-Saharan trade, particularly in gold, salt, and other commodities. However, considering the historical context of the kingdom of Ghana during its height (roughly 6th to 13th centuries), the trade relationship with Arab nations from the Middle East would be particularly significant due to the introduction of Islamic culture and trade practices.
Therefore, the most accurate choice in this context would be Arab nations from the Middle East.