Which of the following critiques the argument that the Indian Rebellion of 1857 caused the birth of Indian nationalism?

Question

a. People from a diverse set of backgrounds joined the rebellion and sought to place the Mughal emperor back on the throne.
b. India saw a wide variety of responses to the rebellion including some groups allying with the British.
c. India is a pluralistic society and rarely was unified as a geographic region during its history.
d. The rebellion was violent, but later resistance to the British was focused on nonviolent resistance.

Answer 1

The critique that most directly addresses the idea that the Indian Rebellion of 1857 caused the birth of Indian nationalism would be:

b. India saw a wide variety of responses to the rebellion including some groups allying with the British.

This option highlights the lack of unity in the responses to the rebellion, suggesting that not everyone was aligned in a nationalistic cause and that some groups had different interests, which challenges the notion of a singular national movement arising from the rebellion.