In World War II, civilian deaths were substantial for both the Allied and Axis powers, but the scales were quite different. Generally, it is estimated that:
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Axis Powers (including Germany, Japan, and Italy): Civilian death tolls are estimated to be around 12 to 18 million. This number includes deaths from military action, genocides (most notably the Holocaust), starvation, and forced labor.
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Allied Powers: Civilian deaths among the Allies were significantly higher, mainly due to the Soviet Union's immense losses. The estimated civilian death toll for the Soviet Union alone ranges from 13 to 20 million, with other Allied nations also experiencing civilian casualties (e.g., China suffered tens of millions of civilian deaths due to Japanese occupation and conflict).
In summary, the civilian death toll for the Allies was considerable and, in some cases, higher than that of the Axis powers, particularly when factoring in the enormous losses of the Soviet Union and China. Overall, the estimates vary, but civilian casualties during World War II were catastrophic for both sides, reflecting the war's brutality.
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