The correct contrast between the Federalists’ and Anti-Federalists’ understandings of a bill of rights is: Federalists saw a bill of rights as a document that would limit people’s rights, while Anti-Federalists saw such a document as preserving the most important rights.
Federalists were primarily concerned that a bill of rights might imply that any rights not listed were not protected, potentially limiting individual liberties. Conversely, Anti-Federalists championed the need for a bill of rights to explicitly safeguard individual liberties against potential government overreach.