The true statements about acute glomerulonephritis from the options provided are:
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In acute glomerulonephritis, blood cells and protein may appear in the urine. - This is true as one of the hallmarks of acute glomerulonephritis is the presence of red blood cells (hematuria) and protein (proteinuria) in the urine due to the inflammation of the glomeruli.
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Streptococcal infections can result in glomerulonephritis. - This is also true. Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is a well-known complication that can occur after infections with certain strains of Streptococcus bacteria.
The other statements are not correct:
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Nephrolithiasis is a primary cause of acute glomerulonephritis. - This is false; nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) is not a primary cause of acute glomerulonephritis.
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Patients with acute glomerulonephritis have no dietary restrictions. - This is generally false; patients may need dietary modifications, particularly with protein and sodium intake, depending on the severity of their condition.
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Glomerular permeability is lessened, preventing filtration of the blood. - This statement is misleading; in acute glomerulonephritis, the permeability is often increased, leading to the leakage of proteins and blood into the urine, rather than the inability to filter blood efficiently.
So, the correct selections are:
- In acute glomerulonephritis, blood cells and protein may appear in the urine.
- Streptococcal infections can result in glomerulonephritis.