The effects of environmental change on populations can include:
- Loss of habitat and impacts on growth and development
- A decrease in resources and loss of habitat
- Speciation and extinction
Each of these options encompasses various consequences that environmental changes can have on populations. However, to pick the most relevant combinations from your provided options based strictly on typical outcomes in ecology, the following two are particularly notable:
- Loss of habitat and impacts on growth and development
- Speciation and extinction
Both of these pairs highlight significant ecological processes that can arise from environmental changes.