The algorithm that will run in constant time among the options listed is:
accessing an element of an array
Accessing an element in an array by its index is a constant time operation, denoted as O(1), because it takes the same amount of time regardless of the size of the array.
The other options are not constant time:
- Traversing an array takes O(n) time, where n is the number of elements in the array.
- Sorting an array typically takes O(n log n) time (for efficient sorting algorithms).
- Binary search on a sorted array runs in O(log n) time.