To determine which algorithm has the smallest time complexity, let's analyze the time complexities of each:
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Merge Sort: This sorting algorithm has a time complexity of \(O(n \log n)\).
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Binary Search: This algorithm, which is used to find an element within a sorted array, has a time complexity of \(O(\log n)\).
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Insertion Sort: This sorting algorithm has a time complexity of \(O(n^2)\) in the worst case.
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Linear Search: This search algorithm has a time complexity of \(O(n)\).
Among these, Binary Search has the smallest time complexity of \(O(\log n)\).
So the correct answer is binary search.