The speed of a seismic wave is primarily affected by factors related to the material through which the wave is traveling. Among the options you provided, the correct answer is:
C. packing structure
The packing structure, or the density and elasticity of the material, greatly influences the speed of seismic waves. While energy, wavelength, and amplitude are important characteristics of waves, they do not directly affect the speed at which seismic waves travel through a medium. The speed is determined by the medium's properties such as density and rigidity.
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