To determine which object will experience the least amount of gravitational attraction toward Earth, we need to consider the weight of each object, as weight is the force of gravity acting on an object's mass.
The gravitational attraction (weight) can be calculated using the formula: \[ F = m \times g \] where:
- \( F \) is the gravitational force (weight),
- \( m \) is the mass of the object,
- \( g \) is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately \( 9.81 , m/s^2 \)).
Since \( g \) is constant, the object with the least mass will experience the least gravitational attraction.
Now, comparing the masses of the objects:
- 75 grams (calculator)
- 380 grams (cup)
- 40 grams (eraser)
- 5 grams (pencil)
The 5-gram pencil has the least mass. Therefore, it will experience the least amount of gravitational attraction toward Earth.
So, the answer is: a 5-gram pencil.