Indirect characterization refers to the method by which an author reveals a character's personality through various means, rather than explicitly stating it. The following techniques are examples of indirect characterization:
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Interations and relationships between characters - This technique shows how characters behave and interact with each other, revealing their traits through their actions and responses.
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Dialogue between characters - What characters say and how they say it can reveal their personality, beliefs, and emotions.
The other options, such as physical descriptions of characters and explanations of characters’ motivations, typically fall under direct characterization, where the author explicitly describes or explains the character traits.