The correct hierarchy of number sets within the real number system, from largest to smallest, is:
b. rational numbers, integers, whole numbers, natural numbers
This is because:
- Rational numbers include all integers, whole numbers, and fractions (both positive and negative).
- Integers include all whole numbers and their negative counterparts.
- Whole numbers include all natural numbers plus zero.
- Natural numbers are the counting numbers starting from 1 (or sometimes 0, depending on the definition used).
The other options do not represent the correct hierarchy of number sets.