which layer of soil determines how fertile the soil is??

Answer 1

The layer of soil that primarily determines its fertility is the topsoil. Topsoil is the uppermost layer of soil, typically rich in organic matter, nutrients, and microorganisms that are essential for plant growth. It contains a higher concentration of nutrients compared to the layers below it, which is crucial for supporting vegetation. The topsoil is usually darker in color due to the presence of organic materials (humus) and is significantly affected by factors such as climate, vegetation, and human activity. Soil fertility can also be influenced by the underlying layers (subsoil and parent material), but topsoil is the most critical layer for determining overall soil fertility.