When writing an essay, the claim is crucial because it serves as the main argument or thesis that guides your essay's direction. Among the options you provided, the most important characteristic of a claim is that the claim is debatable.
A debatable claim allows you to present your viewpoint and engage with opposing viewpoints, providing a foundation for argumentation. If a claim is generally accepted as true or just a broad opinion, it may not provide enough substance for a robust argument. Essays thrive on the exploration of differing perspectives, so a debatable claim invites discussion, analysis, and critical thinking, all of which are integral to effective essay writing.
In summary, your claim should be debatable to foster an engaging and analytical essay.