All of these options can be considered extreme disturbances to an ecosystem, but if you have to choose one, hurricanes are typically seen as significant and widespread disturbances that can radically alter landscapes, displace organisms, and change the dynamics of ecosystems. However, the impact can vary depending on the specific ecosystem and context.
If you are looking for the one that would generally be the most impactful in a short period of time, hurricanes would be a strong candidate.
If further clarification is provided, a more tailored response could be given.