The force that best represents \( F_g \) (the force of gravity acting on an object, also known as the weight) in the given context is "the weight of a barbell acting on a weight lifter is 80 N."
This is because \( F_g \) specifically refers to the force due to gravity acting on an object, which in this case is the weight of the barbell. The other forces listed (the weight lifter's pushing force, the upward force of the table on a box, and the force resisting the sliding of a box) are not gravitational forces; they are related to different interactions or forces applied in various contexts.