Question

Which feature do polar compounds have that nonpolar compounds lack?

Answer 1

Polar compounds possess a significant difference in electronegativity between the atoms in the molecule, resulting in a dipole moment due to the uneven distribution of electron density. This leads to the formation of partial positive and negative charges within the molecule. In contrast, nonpolar compounds have an even distribution of electron density and lack a dipole moment, meaning they do not have regions of partial positive or negative charge. Consequently, polar molecules can engage in hydrogen bonding and are typically soluble in polar solvents (like water), whereas nonpolar molecules are often soluble in nonpolar solvents (like oils).