To simplify the expression \(5(a - 3b) - 4a + b\), we start by distributing the \(5\) in the first term:
\[ 5(a - 3b) = 5a - 15b \]
Now we can substitute this back into the expression:
\[ 5a - 15b - 4a + b \]
Next, we combine like terms. For the \(a\) terms:
\[ 5a - 4a = 1a = a \]
And for the \(b\) terms:
\[ -15b + b = -14b \]
So putting it all together, we have:
\[ a - 14b \]
Thus, the expression \(5(a - 3b) - 4a + b\) simplifies to:
\[ \boxed{a - 14b} \]