The event that most directly involved the Israelites' escape from Egypt is the Exodus. This event is a central narrative in the Hebrew Bible and describes how the Israelites were freed from slavery in Egypt and led to the Promised Land by Moses. The options you provided (Babylonian captivity, diaspora, and Rosh Hashanah) do not directly relate to the escape from Egypt.
- Babylonian Captivity refers to the period when the Israelites were exiled to Babylon after the destruction of the First Temple.
- Diaspora refers to the dispersion of the Jewish people outside of their ancestral homeland.
- Rosh Hashanah is the Jewish New Year, which celebrates the creation of the world and is not directly related to the Exodus.
Thus, none of these options pertain to the escape from Egypt as directly as the Exodus narrative does.