The number line illustrated in your description goes from 0 to 10, with intervals of 2. The arrows indicate progressing in steps of 2, which can be interpreted in terms of division.
If we consider the intervals marked on the number line, we can see that the line shows the division of 10 into equal parts of 2. This matches perfectly with the equation 10 divided by 2 = 5, as it shows that there are 5 segments (each of length 2) between 0 and 10.
Therefore, the division problem that the number line best illustrates is:
10 divided by 2 = 5.